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Protein-Energy Malnutrition is a systemic disease caused by a mismatch between nutrient supply and the body's metabolic demands. It primarily affects infants and young children, though it can manifest in adults with chronic illnesses or eating disorders.
Subcutaneous fat stores and skeletal muscles are catabolized to preserve visceral organ function. Cortisol levels rise, while insulin production decreases. Clinical Features:
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The two classic clinical manifestations of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) present contrasting physical and metabolic profiles. Marasmus (Non-Edematous Severe Malnutrition)
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The prevalence of PEM is driven by a complex interplay of socioeconomic and environmental factors: PowerPoint Presentation
Wrinkled face due to loss of facial fat.
Loss of insulating subcutaneous fat impairs temperature regulation. Subcutaneous fat stores and skeletal muscles are catabolized
Derived from an African word meaning "disease of the displaced child," referring to an older child who is weaned and deprived of adequate protein when a new sibling is born.
If left untreated, PEM can lead to severe consequences, including:
The child is profoundly apathetic, lethargic, and miserable. C. Marasmic Kwashiorkor